Taw qhia
Cov paib tsheb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev nyab xeeb, qhia cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg taug kev ntawm txoj kev raug thiab ceeb toom lawv txog kev phom sij yav tom ntej. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev tsheb ciav hlau, txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj thiab lub ntsiab lus. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog xya yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov paib tsheb thiab lawv cov xim, muab cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm cov cim qhia hauv kev.
Cov cim qhia
Kev tswj cov paib yog siv los coj thiab tswj kev khiav ntawm kev khiav tsheb thiab tswj txoj cai tsheb. Cov paib no feem ntau yog cov duab plaub thiab muaj xim liab, dawb, lossis dub rau ntawm keeb kwm dawb.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev cai tswj hwm feem ntau yog lub cim nres. Qhov no yog ib tug liab octagonal-puab kos npe nrog lo lus "stop" sau nyob rau hauv bold dawb ntawv. Thaum tus neeg tsav tsheb ntsib qhov kos npe no, lawv raug cai yuav tsum tau mus rau qhov chaw nres ua ntej pib ua haujlwm.
Lwm qhov kev cai lij choj feem ntau yog daim ntawv qhia tawm. Qhov no yog daim duab peb sab liab thiab dawb daim duab peb sab nrog lo lus "yield" sau rau hauv cov ntawv liab liab. Thaum tus neeg tsav tsheb ntsib qhov kos npe no, lawv yuav tsum ua kom qeeb thiab ua rau cov tsheb khiav lossis cov neeg taug kev uas muaj txoj cai ntawm txoj kev.
Lwm hom kev tswj xyuas muaj xws li cov paib txwv ceev, tsis muaj cov paib nres tsheb, thiab cov paib ib-txoj kev. Cov paib no txhua tus muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab pab tswj kev khiav tsheb khiav thiab tswj kev tsav tsheb.
Ceeb toom
Cov cim ceeb toom yog siv los ceeb toom rau cov neeg tsav tsheb ntawm kev phom sij ua ntej. Cov paib no feem ntau yog daj lossis txiv kab ntxwv xim thiab muaj lub pob zeb diamond-puab kos npe nrog cov ntawv dub lossis cov cim ntawm lawv.
Ib qho ntawm cov cim ceeb toom tshaj plaws yog "nplaim taws thaum ntub". Daim paib no muaj lub pob zeb daj daj nrog cov duab dub ntawm lub tsheb poob tswj ntawm txoj kev ntub dej. Nws yog siv los ceeb toom cov neeg tsav tsheb kom qeeb thiab ceev faj thaum tsav tsheb ntawm txoj kev ntub dej.
Lwm qhov kev ceeb toom tseem ceeb yog lub cim "tsev kawm ntawv". Daim paib no muaj lub pob zeb daj daj nrog cov duab dub ntawm ob tug menyuam taug kev. Nws yog siv los qhia tias cov neeg tsav tsheb yuav tsum maj mam saib xyuas cov menyuam hla txoj kev hauv ib cheeb tsam tsev kawm ntawv.
Lwm hom kev ceeb toom muaj xws li "mob hla" cov paib, "txoj kev nkhaus", thiab "txoj haujlwm ua ntej" cov paib. Cov paib no txhua tus muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev.
Cov cim kev tsim kho
Cov paib kev tsim kho yog siv los qhia tias kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua thiab muab cov lus qhia rau cov neeg tsav tsheb yuav ua li cas mus ntxiv. Cov paib no feem ntau yog txiv kab ntxwv lossis daj xim thiab muaj cov tsiaj ntawv dub lossis cov cim ntawm lawv.
Ib qho ntawm cov cim kev tsim kho feem ntau yog "kev ua haujlwm ua ntej" kos npe. Daim paib no muaj cov keeb kwm ntawm txiv kab ntxwv nrog cov lus "txoj haujlwm ua ntej" hauv cov ntawv dub dub. Nws yog siv los ceeb toom cov neeg tsav tsheb kom qeeb thiab ceev faj thaum tsav tsheb los ntawm thaj chaw tsim kho.
Lwm qhov kev tsim kho kos npe yog lub cim "kev taw qhia". Daim paib no muaj ib tug xub taw tes rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia nrog lo lus "dav" hauv cov ntawv dub dub. Nws yog siv los qhia tias cov neeg tsav tsheb yuav tsum ua raws li ib txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsim kho.
Lwm hom kev tsim cov paib xws li "txoj kev kaw" cov paib, "flagger tom ntej" cov paib, thiab "kaj kaw" cov paib. Cov paib no txhua tus muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha.
Cov cim qhia
Cov ntaub ntawv qhia yog siv los muab cov neeg tsav tsheb nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv qhov chaw nyob, kev taw qhia, thiab kev ncua deb mus rau qhov chaw. Cov paib no feem ntau yog xim ntsuab lossis xiav thiab muaj cov ntawv dawb lossis cov cim ntawm lawv.
Ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv qhia yog lub cim "mileage". Daim paib no muaj cov keeb kwm ntsuab nrog cov ntawv dawb qhia qhov kev ncua deb mus rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.
Lwm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm yog kos npe "kev pabcuam". Daim paib no muaj lub ntsej muag xiav nrog cov cim dawb qhia qhov chaw ntawm cov kev pabcuam xws li chaw nres tsheb roj, tsev noj mov, thiab chaw pw.
Lwm hom ntaub ntawv qhia muaj xws li "tawm" cov paib, "chaw so" cov paib, thiab "cov neeg mus ncig xyuas" cov paib. Cov paib no txhua tus muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab pab lawv taug kev hauv txoj kev.
Phau Ntawv Qhia
Cov cim qhia yog siv los muab cov neeg tsav tsheb nrog kev taw qhia thiab kev taw qhia txog kev mus txog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov paib no feem ntau yog xim ntsuab lossis xiav thiab muaj cov ntawv dawb lossis cov cim ntawm lawv.
Ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia feem ntau yog "route marker" kos npe. Daim paib no nta ib daim ntawv tiv thaiv zoo li tus lej ntawm txoj kev loj lossis kev sib tshuam hauv cov ntawv dawb ntawm keeb kwm ntsuab lossis xiav.
Lwm daim ntawv qhia kev qhia yog qhov kos npe "tawm". Daim paib no muaj cov keeb kwm ntsuab lossis xiav nrog cov ntawv dawb qhia txog cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev tawm thiab cov chaw uas tuaj yeem mus txog ntawm qhov kev tawm ntawd.
Lwm hom kev taw qhia muaj xws li "qhov chaw" cov paib, "mileage" paib, thiab "directional xub" kos npe. Cov paib no txhua tus pab cov neeg tsav tsheb taug txoj kev thiab nrhiav lawv qhov chaw.
Cov cim ua si
Cov paib ua si yog siv los qhia cov chaw ua si thiab kev ua ub no xws li chaw ua si thiab taug kev taug kev. Cov paib no feem ntau yog xim av thiab muaj cov ntawv dawb lossis cov cim rau ntawm lawv.
Ib qho ntawm cov cim kev lom zem tshaj plaws yog "lub xeev tiaj ua si" kos npe. Daim paib no muaj cov keeb kwm xim av nrog cov lus "lub xeev tiaj ua si" hauv cov ntawv dawb dawb. Nws yog siv los qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub xeev chaw ua si thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua si hauv chaw ua si.
Lwm qhov kev lom zem ua si yog qhov kos npe "hiking trail". Daim paib no muaj lub ntsej muag xim av nrog lub cim dawb qhia txog kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kev taug kev.
Lwm hom kev ua si kos npe muaj xws li "chaw pw hav zoov" cov paib, "chaw noj mov" cov paib, thiab "nkoj tso" cov paib. Cov paib no qhia txog kev ua si lom zem hauv cheeb tsam.
Emergency Signs
Cov cim xwm txheej kub ntxhov yog siv los muab cov neeg tsav tsheb qhia txog cov kev pabcuam xwm txheej ceev xws li tsev kho mob thiab chaw tua hluav taws. Cov paib no feem ntau yog xim liab lossis xiav thiab muaj cov ntawv dawb lossis cov cim ntawm lawv.
Ib qho ntawm cov cim xwm txheej ceev tshaj plaws yog qhov kos npe "tsev kho mob". Daim paib no muaj lub ntsej muag xiav nrog lub cim dawb qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev kho mob.
Lwm qhov kev ceeb toom xwm txheej ceev yog "chaw nres tsheb hluav taws" kos npe. Daim paib no muaj lub cim liab liab nrog lub cim dawb qhia qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws.
Lwm hom kev ceeb toom xwm txheej muaj xws li "chaw nres tsheb tub ceev xwm" cov paib, "chav xwm txheej ceev" cov paib, thiab "kev sib tshuam txaus ntshai". Cov paib no txhua tus muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog kev pabcuam xwm txheej ceev rau cov neeg tsav tsheb.
Xaus
Cov paib tsheb yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev paub txog lawv lub ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg tsav tsheb. Xya lub ntsiab ntawm cov paib tsheb uas tau tham hauv tsab xov xwm no yog cov cim qhia txog kev tswj hwm, cov paib ceeb toom, cov paib kev tsim kho, cov ntaub ntawv qhia, cov paib qhia, cov paib ua si, thiab cov cim xwm txheej ceev. Kev nkag siab txog cov paib no thiab lawv cov xim yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev taug kev hauv kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov paib thiab kev cai lij choj, peb tuaj yeem pab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm txhua tus neeg ntawm txoj kev.
